Implications Of Results From Cognitive Science Research For Medical Education

Abstract

Recent results from the cognitive sciences provide insights into the neurobiological basis of memory formation and learning. Learning involves three steps: acquisition of information (physical encoding in the brain), its retention, and the ability to retrieve the information when needed. The results also support the concept of multiple intelligences identified by Gardner and Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle theory of learning. Courses developed using these principles are particularly effective in facilitating formation of rich association networks of information that are critical to recall of specific information when needed. Case-based courses satisfy more important learning criteria than other instructional methods, but the effectiveness of all methods can be improved using principles derived from cognitive science research. Computers are a supplement that can enhance the effectiveness of all instructional techniques. However, their use must be integral to the instruction rather than simply being added on to existing courses.